04 Jan How Does Exercise Help With Stroke?
Exercise has many benefits for stroke survivors and those at risk of having a stroke. Exercise plays a pivotal role in both stroke prevention by reducing risk factors and rehabilitation by improving physical and mental health. Personalised exercise with an Accredited Exercise Physiologist supports those who have had a stroke to recover to the fullest extent possible! Find your local AEP here.
WHAT IS A STROKE?
A stroke occurs when the brain’s blood supply is disrupted or blocked, leading to damage caused by an absence of oxygen to the brain. Many risk factors that lead to an individual having a stroke are modifiable (e.g. lifestyle choices like smoking and inactivity). Strokes impact an individual’s daily life differently based on brain damage extent, leading to differing physical, cognitive and emotional impairment levels.
There are two types of stroke which result in the blood flow to the brain being stopped:
- An ischaemic (is-key-mick) stroke is the most common type and occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked. Blockages can be caused by a blood clot (embolic stroke) or the gradual build-up of plaque narrowing the artery (thrombotic stroke).
- A haemorrhagic (hemm-orr-ragic) stroke is when the vessel ruptures, causing a bleed in the brain. Haemorrhagic strokes can occur from uncontrolled high blood pressure resulting in the rupturing of small blood vessels in the brain. This is known as an intracerebral haemorrhage. Haemorrhagic strokes can also be caused by subarachnoid strokes, which can occur from abnormalities in the blood vessel, aneurysms, anticoagulant medications (blood thinners), and illegal drugs such as cocaine.
WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR A STROKE?
There are a number of risk factors which can act as early warnings for the potential occurrence of a stroke. Risk factors include:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- High blood cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Smoking
- Inactive lifestyle
- Cardiovascular disease
- Obesity
- Alcohol consumption
A little-known fact is that women are more at risk for strokes than men. Importantly, the vast majority of risk factors for strokes are modifiable, such as decreasing inactivity. This means lifestyle changes can help to prevent strokes!
SIGNS OF A STROKE AND HOW TO HELP
A vital acronym to remember when considering the signs of a stroke is FAST.
- Face – Has their face drooped or is their face looking abnormal in any way?
- Arms – Can they lift their arms above their head or can they lift their arms at all?
- Speech – Can they speak properly or are they having trouble speaking?
- Time – Time is essential in this situation. Call 000 immediately if any of these signs are presented.
HOW DOES A STROKE IMPACT DAILY LIFE?
The impact of a stroke on an individual depends on where in the brain the damage has occurred, and the amount of damage caused to the brain tissue. Common stroke side effects include loss of motor and/or sensory functions. This can lead to a reduction in physical abilities that may be temporary or permanent depending on the severity of the event. This may also result in a loss of independence. Additionally, strokes can cause cognitive impairment, changes to someone’s ability to regulate emotions, and worsened mental health.
HOW CAN EXERCISE HELP TO PREVENT A STROKE?
The Stroke Foundation states that more than 80% of strokes that occur are preventable. This is because there are many modifiable risk factors for stroke.
One of the most crucial is the absence of physical activity. There are multiple benefits to regular exercise that can decrease the risk of stroke. Benefits of exercise for stroke prevention include:
- Reduced blood pressure
- Reduced LDL cholesterol
- Reduced body fat percentage
- Reduced inflammation
- Reduced blood glucose
- Improved fitness, heart and brain health, strength and overall health
Aerobic, resistance, and balance training are recommended types of exercise that can increase fitness and reduce the likelihood of a stroke. Additionally, regular exercise can simultaneously reduce the risk of other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer.
HOW CAN EXERCISE HELP POST-STROKE?
Exercise is also highly regarded for the benefits it brings throughout all stages of post-stroke rehab. For example, strength training and activities such as yoga and tai chi can help to improve muscle weakness and balance for stroke survivors.
The benefits of increased strength and balance combined can assist in gaining back independence by improving the ability to perform daily activities. Although more investigation is required, research currently suggests that aerobic exercise can enhance the brain’s ability to make new neural connections. Forming new neural connections in the brain assists in adapting to learning new skills and also assists in the recovery of traumatic brain injury post-stroke.
Every stroke is unique and will affect each person differently. This makes personalised rehabilitation planning crucial. Working with an Accredited Exercise Physiologist who understands neurological conditions ensures a tailored approach to meet an individual’s unique goals and needs. Integrating exercise into stroke recovery is not just about rebuilding physical strength; it’s a powerful tool that can pave the way to a more fulfilling and active post-stroke life.
FIND YOUR LOCAL EXERCISE PROFESSIONAL
An Accredited Exercise Physiologist is university-qualified to tailor and prescribe an exercise program to suit your needs, ability, condition or goals. Whether you’re just getting into exercise, have suffered an injury or are recovering from a stroke, AEPs are the most qualified exercise professional to see.
Written by Kristen McCluskey. Kristen is an ESSA Accredited Exercise Physiologist at Be Physiology.
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